Construction method of cellar for building completed

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a construction method of a cellar for a building completed. The construction method includes fixing supporting structures to bottom concrete of the building; installing a press-in machine on the supporting structures; inserting posts for supporting the building into the foundation under the building by inserting hollow piles into the holes to then insert the piles into the underground using the press-in machine, stacking new piles on the inserted piles, and sequentially inserting the piles using the press-in machine; excavating a foundation under the bottom concrete of the building to prepare an underground space when the building is supported by the posts; and placing the concrete on the horizontal and vertical faces of the underground space prepared by the excavating the bottom concrete of the building.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a construction method of a cellar for a building completed. More particular, the invention relates to a construction method of a cellar for a building completed, by which a cellar can be constructed by excavating the foundation under the building in a state in which the completed building remains intact. More particularly, the present invention relates to a cellar construction method of a building completed, which can simply and safely construct a cellar with low noises and reduced costs in a narrow space by installing a press-in machine in supporting structures fixed on the bottom of the building by allowing concrete to pass through the bottom of the building, safely supporting a plurality of posts formed by inserting hollow piles in a line on the building using the press-in machine, excavating the foundation of the building to selectively form an underground space, and placing concrete on the bottom surface of the underground space.

BACKGROUND ART

Since an existing completed building, in particular, a large-scale building, is heavy, in a case where a cellar area is secured by excavating the underground, the cellar area may tend to loosen the foundation soil that supports the building and may suffer from a high risk of collapsing. Therefore, it has been practically difficult to secure or additionally constructing the cellar.

To solve the problem, in buildings without cellars or with insufficient cellar spaces, in particular, large-scale buildings requiring additional installation of underground parking lots, separate land or buildings should be bought to be used in cellar construction, increasing costs.

In order to solve the shortcomings, a cellar construction method in a building completed has recently been proposed. However, a complex structure for supporting the building is separately installed under the building, resulting in an increase in the construction cost. In addition, terms of a construction work may be prolonged due to an increase in the man-hours and construction costs may increase due to labor intensive works.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides a construction method of a cellar for a building completed, which can simply and safely construct a cellar by installing a press-in machine in supporting structures fixed on the bottom of the building by allowing concrete to pass through the bottom of the building, safely supporting a plurality of posts formed by inserting hollow piles in a line on the building using the press-in machine, excavating the foundation of the building to selectively form an underground space, and placing concrete on the bottom surface of the underground space.

The present invention also provides a construction method of a cellar for a building completed, which can construct or extend the cellar of the completed building in a narrow space at reduced costs.

The present invention also provides a construction method of a cellar for a building completed, which can insert posts using a hydraulic press-in machine with low noises while eliminating vibration.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a construction method of a cellar for a building completed, including fixing supporting structures to allow stoppers protruding under the supporting structures to be interfered by slots so as not to move by drilling a plurality of holes into bottom concrete of the building and the slots connected to the holes and inserting the supporting structures into the slots; installing a press-in machine on the supporting structures; inserting posts for supporting the building into the foundation under the building by inserting hollow piles into the holes to then insert the piles into the underground using the press-in machine, stacking new piles on the inserted piles, and sequentially inserting the piles using the press-in machine; excavating a foundation under the bottom concrete of the building to prepare an underground space when the building is supported by the posts; and placing the concrete on the horizontal and vertical faces of the underground space prepared by the excavating the bottom concrete of the building.

Advantageous Effects

As described above, in the cellar construction method of the completed building according to the present invention, the cellar can be newly constructed or added to the existing completed building without reconstructing the completed building, thereby reducing construction wastes, ultimately preventing environmental contamination and preventing construction materials from being wasted.

In addition, in the cellar construction method of the completed building according to the present invention, since a hydraulic cylinder is used as a press-in machine for inserting piles, noises and vibration can be eliminated, thereby providing environmentally friendly working conditions. In addition, since the building is supported by a plurality of posts inserted into the foundation of the building, a complex structure is not necessarily installed to support the building, unlike in the conventional construction method. Thus, the labor hours can be reduced, thereby simply and safely constructing the cellar within a shortened period.

Further, since an underground space is formed by compressively inserting piles into the bottom surface of the completed building using a press-in machine and eliminating the foundation into which the piles are inserted, the cellar can be simply constructed in a narrow space at low costs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a building completed on the foundation without a cellar before the building is completed;

FIG. 2 illustrates a process of inserting piles into the foundation under a building completed using a press-in machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a state in which the completed building is supported by posts formed by inserting piles into the foundation under the completed building using a press-in machine according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view illustrating a state in which piles according to the present invention are inserted into the foundation of the completed building;

FIG. 5 illustrates a process of excavating the foundation under the completed building in such a state as shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 illustrates a process of preparing a space for a first basement level by excavating the foundation under the completed building in such a state as shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 illustrates a state in which concrete is placed in the first basement level prepared in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 illustrates a process of excavating the foundation of the first basement level shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 illustrates a state in which a space for a second basement level is prepared by excavating the foundation of the first basement level shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 illustrates a state in which concrete is placed in the second basement level prepared in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 sequentially illustrates a process of installing a press-in machine according to the present invention on the concrete on the bottom surface of the completed building;

FIG. 12 a is an exploded perspective view illustrating a state in which supporting structures according to the present invention are yet to be installed on the bottom surface of the completed building and FIG. 12 b is a partly exploded perspective view illustrating another embodiment of a stopper;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating a state in which the supporting structures and the press-in machine according to the present invention have been installed on the bottom surface of the completed building;

FIG. 14 illustrates photographs of actual construction according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a construction method according to the present invention;

FIG. 16 illustrates a construction method of a cellar for a building completed according to a second embodiment of the present invention in which piles are inserted by installing a press-in machine on a foundation under bottom concrete of the completed building;

FIG. 17 illustrates a process of forming posts by installing a press-in machine on a foundation under bottom concrete of the completed building while excavation proceeds according to the method shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 illustrates a state in which concrete is placed on the bottom floor of the first basement level formed by the method shown in FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a partly exploded view illustrating an embodiment of the present invention in which a reinforcement unit for supporting a press-in machine is additionally installed on the foundation of bottom concrete of the completed building;

FIG. 20 illustrates a state in which a cellar is yet to be constructed in a small-scale completed building;

FIG. 21 illustrates a state in which posts are formed according to a construction method in which supporting structures and a press-in machine are installed on the edge of the completed building and piles are inserted;

FIG. 22 illustrates a state in which the foundation of bottom concrete is excavated after forming posts in FIG. 21 and concrete is placed; and

FIG. 23 is a partly exploded perspective view illustrating a state in which the supporting structures and the press-in machine on the edge of the completed building shown in FIG. 21

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, a construction method of a cellar for a building completed according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention is directed to a method of newly constructing or additionally constructing a cellar in an existing completed building without a cellar or with a cellar having an insufficient space in a simple and safe manner.

According to the cellar construction method, a cellar having a plurality of levels can be constructed by forming an underground space by excavating the foundation under the completed building, forming a first basement level by placing concrete in the bottom floor of the underground space, excavating the foundation of the first basement level, and forming a second basement level by placing concrete the bottom of the foundation of the first basement level in a state in which a plurality of posts formed by inserting unit piles into the foundation under the completed building in a stacked manner.

Here, columns of the constructed cellar correspond to posts formed by arranging unit piles in a line, and the cellar can be constructed to a depth in which the posts are inserted.

The cellar construction method of the completed building according to the present invention will now be described in more detail.

The cellar construction method of the completed building according to the present invention includes steps of fixing supporting structures 5 to allow stoppers 5 a protruding under the supporting structures 5 to be interfered by slots 4 so as not to move by drilling a plurality of holes 3 into bottom concrete 2 of a completed building 1 and the slots 4 connected to the holes 3 and inserting the supporting structures 5 into the slots 4 (S1); installing a press-in machine 6 on the supporting structures 5 (S2); inserting posts 7 for supporting the building 1 into the foundation under the building 1 by inserting hollow piles 7 a into the holes 3 to then insert the piles 7 a into the foundation under the building 1 using the press-in machine 6, stacking new piles 7 a on the inserted piles 7 a whenever the piles 7 a are inserted, and sequentially inserting the piles 7 a using the press-in machine 6 (S3); excavating a foundation of the bottom concrete of the building 1 to prepare an underground space 8 when the building 1 is supported by the posts 7 inserted into the foundation under the completed building 1 (S4); and placing the concrete 8 on the horizontal and vertical faces of the underground space 8 prepared by the excavating the bottom concrete (S5).

In addition, after the excavating of the foundation, there may further be provided the step of covering a finishing member (not shown) along the outer perimeters of the posts 7 to make the posts 7 aesthetically pleasing.

The fixing of the supporting structures 5 (S1) is known technology, which was filed for patent application by the applicants of the present invention and granted, as well described in FIGS. 11 to 13.

That is to say, the plurality of holes 3 are drilled into appropriate positions of bottom concrete 2 of the completed building 1 to insert the piles 7 a and a plurality of slots 4 connected to the holes 3 are formed at outer portions of the holes 3. As described above, the reason of forming the slots 4 to be connected to the holes 3 is to fix the supporting structure 5 to allow stoppers 5 a formed under the supporting structure 5 to be interfered by the slots 4 so as not to move. To this end, a guide space 10 connected to the slots 4 is formed in the foundation of the bottom concrete 2 so as to accommodate the stoppers 5 a.

While the illustrated embodiment shows that four slots 4 are inserted into the supporting structure 5, the number of slots 4 can be increased or decreased according to the necessity. As shown in FIG. 12, a diameter of the slot 4 should not exceed a protruding size of the stopper 5 a so as to prevent the stoppers 5 a formed under the supporting structure 5 from being vertically dislodged from the slots 4 by being interfered by the bottom end of the slots 4. In addition, as shown in FIG. 12 b, the stopper 5 a may be under the supporting structure 5 to be integrally formed with the supporting structure 5 using concrete.

If the guide space 10 is formed in the above-described manner, the supporting structures 5 are inserted into the slots 4 and then lifted until the stoppers 5 a protruding under the supporting structures 5 come into close contact with the bottom concrete 2. In such a state, mortar 11 is placed and filled in the slots 4, thereby fixing the supporting structures 5 on the slots 4.

As described above, if the supporting structures 5 are fixed on the concrete 5, the piles 7 a are pressed on the supporting structures 5 and the press-in machine 6 is installed on the foundation under the completed building 1 to insert the posts 7 (S2).

The press-in machine 6 is generally known in the related art, and a hydraulic cylinder is used in the present invention. The hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the supporting structures 5 and presses the posts 7 by compressing the hollow piles 7 a inserted into the holes 3 on the foundation under the completed building 1 while a rod is elevated using oil pressure.

In the step (S3) of inserting the posts 7 into the foundation under the building 1, the piles 7 a are inserted into the holes 3 formed in the previous step in a line. The piles 7 a used in the present invention may have various shapes, including hollow pipes or H-beams. Preferably, hollow pipes are used as the piles 7 a. Since the insides of the piles 7 a are hollow, the piles 7 a are lightweight, so that they are easy to handle. In addition, in a case where it is difficult to insert the piles 7 a to a predetermined depth of the underground using the press-in machine 6 when the piles 7 a are blocked by a rock, a drilling machine is put into a tube of each of the piles 7 a to perforate the rock, thereby allowing the piles 7 a to reach the predetermined depth.

The step (S3) of inserting the post 7 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 11.

First, as shown in FIG. 11F, the piles 7 a are put into the holes 3 drilled in the concrete 2 and the piles 7 a are inserted into the foundation while lowering a rod by driving the press-in machine 6. Thereafter, in a state in which the rod is elevated and new piles 7 a are arranged on the inserted piles 7 a in a line, the rod of the press-in machine 6 is again lowered to compress the new piles 7 a on the foundation. In this way, column-shaped posts 7 are installed on the foundation of the completed building 1 by sequentially arranging the new piles 7 a are on the inserted piles 7 a in a line.

In the course of installing the posts 7, when the press-in machine 6 presses the piles 7 a, the supporting structures 5 having the press-in machine 6 tend to be pushed away from the piles 7 a as much as the piles 7 a inserted. However, the supporting structures 5 are integrally formed and fixed with the concrete 2 by the filled mortar 11 in a state in which the stoppers 5 a formed under the piles 7 a are locked on the bottom of the slots 4, thereby preventing the press-in machine 6 from being pushed away from the piles 7 a.

During this procedure, it is preferable that the press-in machine 6 press the inserted piles 7 a until top portions of the inserted piles 7 a reach bottom portions of the holes 3 formed in the concrete 2, which is for the purpose of making connection parts of the respective piles 7 a smooth by preventing the top portions of the inserted piles 7 a from moving when arranging new piles 7 a on the inserted piles 7 a in a line and compressing the piles 7 a.

An interference fit portion (not shown) is preferably formed at ends of the respective piles 7 a to as to be smoothly interference fit with adjacent piles 7 a.

Given that the inserted posts 7 are used as columns of the cellar 12, depths of the posts 7 inserted into the foundation should be deeper than the underground space 8. In addition, the posts 7 are inserted until they reach a solid earth's stratum in which leading edges of the posts 7 are no longer inserted even if additional load is applied. A pressure of a hydraulic gauge installed in the press-in machine 6 makes it possible to determine whether the posts 7 have reached the solid earth's stratum or not. That is to say, a high pressure, as measured by the hydraulic gauge indicates that the posts 7 have reached a solid foundation, and a low pressure indicates that the posts 7 have reached a soft foundation.

If the posts 7 are established on the underground of the completed building 1 in the above-described manner, the foundation of the completed building 1 is excavated (S4). The step of excavating the foundation of the completed building 1 is an essential part of the present invention.

That is to say, if the posts 7 are established to safely support the completed building 1, the foundation of the completed building 1 starts to be excavated down from side surfaces of the building 1 using heavy excavation equipment, such as forklifts or bulldozers, as shown in FIG. 5. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, as large an underground space 8 as required is secured under the completed building 1. Then, since the foundation under the completed building 1 is eliminated, the building 1 seems to stay afloat. However, the building 1 is firmly supported by the inserted posts 7 by arranging the piles 7 a in a line.

The positions and number of posts 7 are preferably determined by the structure of the completed building 1, more specifically the magnitude of vertical load of the building 1. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, if a part of the building 1 is constructed at a low-rise level, suggesting that the vertical load applied thereto is relatively small, a small number of posts 7 are established at the part of the building 1. Meanwhile, if another part of the building 1 is constructed at a high-rise level, suggesting that the vertical load applied thereto is relatively large, a large number of posts 7 are established at the part of the building 1. In this case, the posts 7 may be densely arranged or load capacity of each post 7 may be increased.

In addition, the step (S4) of excavating the foundation includes excavating the foundation to a depth in which bottom surfaces of the posts 7 inserted into the underground of the completed building 1 are not exposed, and placing at least one level of the concrete 9 in the underground space 8 to construct the cellar 12.

As described above, if the underground space 8 is prepared in the underground of the completed building 1, the concrete 9 is placed in the underground space 8 to construct the cellar 12 in the underground space 8 (S5).

The concrete 9 is placed on horizontal and vertical faces of the prepared underground space 8, thereby finally completing the cellar 12. The horizontal face corresponds to a bottom surface of the cellar 12. Therefore, the horizontal face should be thicker than the vertical face. Further, when multiple levels of the cellar 12 intend to be constructed under the horizontal face, the horizontal face of each level should have sufficient endurance in view of safety in consideration of the load depending on uses of the cellar 12.

FIG. 10 illustrates that the cellar 12 is constructed in a second basement. That is to say, the foundation of the completed building 1 is excavated to prepare the underground space 8 for the first basement level, and concrete 9 is placed in horizontal and vertical faces to complete the first basement level cellar 12. If filling of the concrete 9 is completed, the foundation of the horizontal face of the first basement level cellar 12 is excavated to prepare the underground space 8 for a second basement level, and concrete 9 is placed in horizontal and vertical faces to complete the second basement level cellar 12.

Therefore, the cellar 12 can be constructed in multiple levels using the above-described construction method according to user's need.

Meanwhile, the construction method according to the present invention further includes the step of covering a finishing member along the outer perimeters of the posts 7 to make the posts 7 aesthetically pleasing, after the step (S4) of excavating the foundation. The finishing member used in the present invention may include generally known finishing members. As described above, since the posts 7 are covered by the finishing member and inner walls of the cellar 12 are finished by the concrete 9, the interior of the constructed cellar 12 looks aesthetically pleasing, giving the effect of providing a cellar in a newly constructed building.

As described above, if the foundation under the completed building 1 is not weak but capable of satisfying construction requirements of the present invention, since the outer perimeters of the posts 7 inserted into the foundation come into close contact with the foundation while bottom surfaces of the posts 7 are supported by the foundation, the completed building 1, for example, even a bulky, heavy, large-scale building, can be safely supported by the inserted posts 7 and the cellar 12 can be simply constructed under the building 1.

FIGS. 16 to 19 illustrate a construction method of a cellar for a building completed according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

In the construction method according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the cellar 12 can be constructed without perforating bottom concrete 2 in the completed building 1.

As shown in FIG. 16, in the construction method according to the second embodiment of the present invention, a foundation of one side of the completed building 1 is excavated, a press-in machine 6 is installed under the exposed bottom concrete 2, and piles 7 a are inserted into the foundation at a position at which the press-in machine 6 is installed, thereby forming posts 7.

After forming the posts 7, the foundation around the posts 7 is excavated. After excavating the foundation, the press-in machine 6 is installed under the exposed bottom concrete 2 in the same manner as described above. Next, the piles 7 a are inserted to form the posts 7. As the aforementioned steps are repeatedly performed, an excavated area of the bottom concrete 2 under the completed building 1 may gradually increase, as shown in FIG. 17, and the number of posts 7 formed may also increase.

If the underground space is prepared by sufficiently excavating the foundation under the completed building 1, as shown in FIG. 18, the bottom and side surfaces of the underground space are filled with concrete 9 to construct the cellar 12. Separate concrete columns for supporting the completed building 1 are established in the underground space and the press-in machine 6 and the piles 7 a are then eliminated. Alternatively, after removing a hydraulic jack, columns may be established by filling positions of the piles 7 a with concrete.

FIG. 19 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in which a support plate 13 as a reinforcement unit is additionally installed on a foundation of bottom concrete 2 of the completed building in a case where the bottom concrete 2 is not strong enough to support the completed building 1 when a press-in machine 6 is directly installed on the foundation of the bottom concrete 2 by the construction method according to the illustrated embodiment.

When the piles 7 a are inserted into the ground using the press-in machine 6, a reaction may act on the bottom concrete 2 on which the press-in machine 6 is supported. If the strength and thickness of the bottom concrete 2 are not large enough to hold the reaction generated in the course of inserting the piles 7 a, reinforcing rods are arranged and concrete mortar is poured, thereby forming the support plate 13 for supporting the press-in machine 6. If the bottom concrete 2 is strong enough to support the completed building, the forming of the support plate 13 may be omitted.

FIGS. 20 to 23 illustrate a cellar construction method of a completed building according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

The cellar construction method according to this embodiment is suitable for constructing the cellar 12 in a small-scale completed building shown in FIG. 20.

In the construction method according to the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 23, holes and slots are formed in bottom concrete 2 of outer edges of the completed building 1, supporting structures 5 are fixed to corresponding positions, and a press-in machine 6 is installed.

The installing of the supporting structures 5 and the press-in machine 6 are the same as those of the first embodiment.

As described above, the plurality of supporting structures 5 and the press-in machine 6 are installed on edges of the building 1, and piles 7 a are inserted into the ground to form a plurality of posts 7 for supporting the hollow building 1. A foundation of the bottom concrete 2 under the building 1 is excavated and bottom and side surfaces of concrete 9 are finished to form the cellar 12.

Like the previous embodiment, in the present embodiment, in a case where the bottom concrete 2 is not strong enough to bear the reaction transmitted by the supporting structures 5, the strength can be enhanced by additionally installing a support plate 13 on or under the bottom concrete 2 when inserting the piles 7 a into the bottom concrete 2 on the edges of the hollow building 1.

As described above, unlike in the first embodiment, in the second and third embodiments, since the completed building 1 can be constructed without placing the bottom concrete 2, separate operations are not required, including perforating in the building 1 for inserting piles 7 a, or finishing the drilled holes after the construction is completed.

Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail hereinabove, it should be understood that many variations and modifications of the basic inventive concept herein described, which may appear to those skilled in the art, will still fall within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. 

1. A construction method of a cellar for a building completed, comprising: fixing supporting structures to allow stoppers protruding under the supporting structures to be interfered by slots so as not to move by drilling a plurality of holes into bottom concrete of a completed building and the slots connected to the holes and inserting the supporting structures into the slots; installing a press-in machine on the supporting structures; inserting posts for supporting the building into the foundation under the building by inserting hollow piles into the holes to then insert the piles into the underground using the press-in machine, stacking new piles on the inserted piles whenever the piles are inserted, and sequentially inserting the piles using the press-in machine; excavating a foundation of the bottom concrete of the building to prepare an underground space when the building is supported by the posts inserted into the foundation under the completed building; and placing the concrete on the horizontal and vertical faces of the underground space prepared by the excavating the bottom concrete of the building.
 2. The construction method of claim 1, wherein the fixing of the supporting structure comprises fastening top ends of the supporting structures, allowing the stoppers protruding under the supporting structures to be interfered by the slots, and fixing the supporting structures on perimeters of the holes by filling the slots with mortar.
 3. The construction method of claim 1, wherein the excavating of the foundation under the concrete comprises excavating the foundation to a depth in which bottom surfaces of the posts inserted into the underground of the completed building are not exposed, and placing at least one level of the concrete in the underground space to construct the cellar.
 4. A construction method of a cellar for a building completed, comprising: installing a plurality of posts by excavating a foundation under bottom concrete of the completed building and inserting piles into the ground for supporting the foundation under bottom concrete of the completed building; and placing concrete on bottom and side faces of an underground space secured by digging the foundation under bottom concrete of the completed building to install the posts.
 5. The construction method of claim 4, wherein the installing of the plurality of posts comprises sequentially performing a series of steps of digging a bottom portion of the bottom concrete of the completed building, installing a support plate under the exposed bottom concrete, inserting the piles into the ground using the press-in machine mounted on the support plate to construct the posts, excavating the foundation around the constructed posts, and forming the posts by installing the support plate and the press-in machine on the foundation of the exposed bottom concrete and inserting the piles into the underground.
 6. A construction method of a cellar for a building completed, comprising: forming a plurality of supporting structures spaced a predetermined distance apart from each other on the edge of the completed building; installing a press-in machine on the supporting structures; forming a plurality of posts for supporting the completed building by inserting piles into the ground under the supporting structures using the press-in machine; excavating a foundation under the completed building supported by the posts; and placing concrete on bottom and side faces of an underground space secured by excavating the foundation of the completed building.
 7. The construction method of claim 6, wherein the forming of the supporting structures comprises: forming a mortar placement space by excavating the foundation under edges of the completed building to a predetermined depth; forming a reaction part by filling the mortar placement space with concrete to be connected to the bottom of the completed building; and fixing the supporting structures on the bottom of the completed building to prevent the stoppers protruding under the supporting structures from moving by forming holes drilled vertically in the reaction part by filling concrete and inserting the supporting structures into the holes. 